Proxy Voting
This is much more commonly known as voting by absentee ballot where an official form is provided for those who cannot be physically present at official voting locations. The ballot is cast by the proxy voter and considered equivalent to a physically present voter.
Another use of this term is where shareholders in a company can authorize another to vote their shares by proxy at the annual meeting. The votes submitted by proxy will then carry the full authority of the original shareholder without being physically at that vote.